The Mediterranean diet is a dietary pattern based on the traditional eating habits of people in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea, such as Greece, Italy, and Spain. It is characterized by high consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and olive oil, moderate intake of fish and poultry, and low consumption of red meat and processed foods. The diet has been associated with numerous health benefits, including reduced risk of heart disease, stroke, and certain cancers. Researchers continue to study the Mediterranean diet and its components to better understand its effects on health and well-being.